From the part of mythology there are two well known myth about the formation of kathmandu valley. One story says that according to Swayambhu Puran, the kathmandu valley was once a lake and the god named Manjushree cut the gorge at a place called kashapaal (later called chobhar) with a sword called chandrashrasha and drained away the waters in order to establish habitable land and next story according to Gopal Banshawali, Krishna cut the gorge with his sudarshana Chakra to let the water out. He then handed the drained valley to the Gopal Vansi people, who were nomadic cow herders, and also started agriculture there. the first dynasty who ruled kathmandu was Gopal dynasty.
After the gopal dynasty lichhavi dynasty came to kathmandu valley approximately also known as ancient kingdom in nepal. there are many important lichhavi king in history of lichhavi monarch, one of the importaant name Amshuvarma who opened trade route to tibet one of his daughter, Bhrikuti who was married to Tibetan ruler Tsrong-tsong Gompo,there was close relationship between the Lichhavi settelments and trade. During the period of lichhavi dynasty transmisson of Buddhist culture to tibet and all central asia through merchants, pilgrimage is one of the main contribution. Many artistic heritage was also made in the valley in this period which made valley famous. Diffrent architecture is introduced in valley during malla dynasty some are royal palace and hindu temples in patan,bhaktapur taumadhi square, temple of nyatapol, bhaktapur darbar square, old royal palace in kathmandu, kasthamnadap complex, basantapur palace complex, bhairabnath at bhaktapur durbar square and bhaktapur darbar square.
Kathmandu Durbar Square in the heart of old Kathmandu city in Basantapur never fails to impress first time visitors with its intricate wood carvings and rich history. Once the residence of Nepal's Royal family, all coronation ceremonies were held here. The palace is an amalgamation of eastern and western architecture with additions by Rana and Shah rulers over the centuries. An unbelievable 50 temples lie within the vicinity including the temple of the Taleju Bhawani.
Kathmandu Durbar Square also known as Hanuman Dhoka square is one of the major attractions in Kathmandu Valley. Most of the cultural centers of Nepal are concentrated around the Kathmandu valley; among those cultural sites, the important one is the Hanuman-dhoka Durbar Square. The name Hanuman-dhoka Durbar came from the statue of Hanuman established by the King Pratap Malla at the entrance of the royal palace in 1672 A.D. The Durbar Square are is actually made up of two sub-areas. The outer complex is renowned for numerous interesting temples as Kumari Ghar , Kasthamandap , Shiv-Parbati Temple, Jagannath Temple, Big Bell etc ,while the inner complex comprises the old palace area ,Hanuman-dhoka and its courtyards as Nasal Choke ,Mul Choke ,Sundari Choke, Basantapur Durbar and other. Besides the magnificent temples and shrines, it has other interesting aspects are various festivals , cultural activities and traditions people are following from centuries, which are presented in the Durbar Square. The major festivals include Indrajatra, Dashain, Gaaijatra, Machchhindra-nath jatra ets. These are the occasion when the people from all over the city gather here to mark their centuries old traditions. All the carving and architecture in this area are exceptionally fine which make the architecture in this Hanuman-dhoka Durbar square among the most important sights for travelers to see.
